Research substances, often described "novel psychoactive drugs," present a considerable challenge due to their rapid nature. These products are typically created for laboratory exploration, but are frequently encountered in the recreational drug trade. The shortage of extensive information on their long-term effects means users face significant hea

The emergence of novel psychoactive substances is rapidly becoming a concern for public health officials . These substances , often marketed as replacements to illicit materials, frequently lack comprehensive studies regarding their toxicity . Their accessibility online and through informal channels presents a grave danger to community health and b